This is a study for applying Decentralized Finance (DeFi) operations in a real life Agricultural finance application focusing on how assets tokenization in general and crop insurance in particular may take advantage of fundraising, global capital markets, atomic swap operations over blockchain and finally peer-to-peer trading without intermediaries under standardized regulations and revolutionary custodial services. Descriptive statistical data presentations such as graphs and tables are used to do the analysis and evaluate the development of the sector. The paper is exploring the boundaries and the depth of Decentralized Finance while focusing on Asset Tokenization Application that are being deployed mainly in different agri-businesses starting with crop insurance and ending up with tokenizing the products over blockchain. In conclusion, asset tokenization as a representational digital asset for a traditional financial instrument is becoming an increasingly important part of modern finance and “blockchainization” of the real world. This paper addresses how agriculture sector as production sector can use asset tokenization in securing the crops by smart contracts and issuing digital tokens to fundraising for micro-insurance. Also, using blockchain to tokenize the crops for future contracts while in the same time boosting the efficiency of the agribusiness finance, crop insurance, trading in primary and secondary markets as well as exploring new markets without intermediaries, are aspects that are found in the present research.

Expenditure on the education system plays a significant role in the economy of the public system. In the accounting of educational institutions, special emphasis is placed on the budgeting process, in which the revenues and expenditures of the entities are found. Despite a large amount of research, specialists do not agree on the role the level of funding plays in the education system and its effect on the results of the final beneficiaries of the system. In this research we tried to observe how the level of funding or average costs per pupil in European education systems influences the results of students in standardized tests. Making an estimate with the help of the linear regression model by the method of the least squares of the correlation between these two variables, we found that there was a positive correlation between them; not exceptionally strong but not negligible either.

From accounting model perspective, the information provided contributes to the knowledge of the entity, and determines useful elements in the economic strategy for decision making.
The basis for measuring economic and financial performance at the level of economic entity is represented by the accounting model as a source of specific information. The complex work involved in organizing the accounting model at the level of the economic entity is done in an easy way by choosing one of the many traditional software. The use of a classic accounting software does not imply the use of an internet connection to access the information, the activity taking place offline.
The performance of the accounting model depends directly on the use of an information system that provides useful information to substantiate the decisions taken. Within this system, accounting information occupies the most important share. The accounting model involves a lot of data produced during the activity and before the actual development of the transactions, aiming at directing the commercial activity from the perspective of the economic conjuncture, a special situation being that of the crisis periods.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the technological progress in accounting and its impact on the accounting model.

Financial Technology (FinTech) has brought a revolution in the financial sector including incremental technological innovations in financial services. FinTech has triggered significant changes in the way financial sector is designed and it operates in the digital era. By increasing speed and reducing costs, FinTech has strongly influenced consumers to move towards digitalization. This has had as result the development of more tailored financial services addressed to individuals. For this purpose, a minimum level of financial literacy is considered a key driver of consumer behaviour. The main objective of this study is to analyse the impact of FinTech revolution on the labour market. In this paper, we have performed the statistical analysis of secondary data for EU-28 Member States (including United Kingdom) within the interval comprised between 2017 and 2019 with the aim to identify which is the level of labour substitution triggered by FinTech and its short-and medium-term effects on the labour market in the financial sector. Conclusions of this study revealed that although a higher level of digitalization is associated with a lower number of individuals employed in the financial sector, especially in the countries with the highest degree of digitalisation in the EU-28 (Digital Frontrunners), there are still a number of IT professionals performing operational tasks.

Human capital, as a part of intellectual capital, is restricted by the situation provided by current accounting and national and international financial reporting standards. The human factor is the one that mirrors the result and performance of the company. It is the one that guides the fulfilment of the objectives. The fear of human capital detailed reporting is attested in the current situation of Romanian society reporting. The research objective is to identify the limitations imposed by national standards in evaluating human capital. Using the analytical research – theoretical knowledge method, the research is based on the analysis of Romanian laws and standards, which aims human capital. It is known that employees are an indispensable element in any company, and its presentation cannot be limited by elements of financial analysis. Through the analysis of national standards, it could be identified that the evaluation of human capital is descriptive and is limited to factors such as time, budget, descriptive and subjective methods. It is important to know the legislation that attests the human factor evaluation and presentation, to know its situation in terms of Romanian reporting.

The purpose of this research is to analyse the impact of public funding on the agricultural sector in Romania. The study highlights public institutions and their role in financing Romanian agriculture and shows the results obtained by analysing the effects of public funding on the agriculture sector, as very important for economy. In this sense, we present the functionality and the role of two important public institutions at national level, APIA and AFIR. The research methodology is based on qualitative methods using the inductive and deductive approach. The main conclusion of the study shows that public funding leads to an increase in the number of new farmers and an increase in agricultural entrepreneurial revenue. In the end, the research results can provide important guides in substantiating the financing of the needs of the agricultural sector for public decision makers, as well as its importance for the economy.

Sustainable development, in the light of the aimed objectives, has a key role in each country’s economy, but also in the world. We have taken this initiative out of our wish to find a scientific explanation of how economic growth influences the capital market and the private insurance and pensions sector across the European Union (EU) member states. Economic growth is part of the indicators measuring the progress made in implementing the Sustainable Development Goal 8. Starting from the fact that in any country, savings and investment play a particularly important role, both at macroeconomic level and at company level, and from the existence of a set of factors that influence savings/investment decisions to the detriment of the current consumption of funds, thus generating a future advantage, this paper aims to study the influence of changing the real gross domestic product on the main ways of placing the sums available in the economy on the capital/financial market.

This study aims to assess the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the financial performance (PF) of Romanian companies to provide a practical framework for measuring the performance of companies. The financial performance of the company considered as a dependent variable was established through accounting measures (ROA, ROE, ROIC, EPS), liquidity measure (current ratio), and market-based measure (PBV). Based on a regression analysis, the results showed that CSR positively influences EPS but has no influence on ROA, ROE, ROIC, and PBV. The variable CA/ANG had a negative influence on ROA in the first model, a negative influence on ROE in the first model (where the total number of employees represents the size of the company and the ratio Long-term debt / Equity ratio represents the debt). In addition, CA/ANG had positive in the second model (where the total assets represent the size of the company and the ratio Total debt / Equity represents the debt), a negative influence in the two models of ROIC, and a positive influence on the PBV. Concerning size measures, the total number of employees positively influences ROA and PBV. For debt, the variable DT_CP has a negative influence on ROE and ROIC while the variable DTL_CP positively influences ROIC and negatively the PBV. The two models where liquidity ratio was used as the dependent variable were not statistically validated.

Crisis is a very important aspect of our everyday life and no matter of the dimension we refer to this represents a period in the evolution of a society marked by great difficulties and anxiety. From an economic point of view this is a normal and necessary event, leading to marvellous growth and development. Even so, the authorities are often not prepared or do not know how to mitigate and manage its shortfalls. The main objective of this paper is to focus around the financial crisis development in the perspective of Classical, Neoclassical and Keynesian economics. Even hundreds years apart, all of the three schools have captured the determinants, implications and some measures to mitigate the imbalances which are still relevant today. The question remains though, so why the world did not resolve the puzzle of financial distress taking into consideration the age of these types of events, the number and the forms they hit our society in the last decades. This study will try to summarize the main ideas of ones of the greatest minds of the past in order to bring some light over the financial crisis phenomena.

The research undertaken starts from the findings demonstrated by studies in the field, that the lack of basic financial knowledge of consumers is a vulnerability of the Romanian financial system and a strategic challenge for financial service providers. The aim of the study is to analyze the European and national framework in the field of financial education, public and private policies, programs and initiatives on improving financial knowledge at different occupational and age categories. The research hypotheses are based on demonstrating the need for a consistent European institutional framework, on identifying the interdependence between public policies to stimulate savings and an adequate level of financial education of the population. The results of the study confirm the need to implement measures and mechanisms complementary to existing ones, new rules and directions to follow in order to improve the level of mass financial education, the protection of consumer interests and the development of financial intermediation.