This study estimates the relationship between digital banking transactions and bank net profit through regression analysis using the data of deposit banks in Turkey between 2011 and 2021. The data from 11 Turkish banks are analyzed with the least squares method (OLS) in the Stata package program. For this purpose, the relationship between digital banking transactions and bank net profit is estimated by constructing three models. In the first model, online banking transactions have a positive effect on bank profitability. The number of internet banking customers, the number of Automated Teller Machine (ATM), and the number of Point of Sale (POS) are found to have a negative effect on net profit, but these coefficients are not statistically significant. In the second model, mobile banking transactions have a positive effect on bank net profit. ATM has a positive and statistically significant effect on bank net profit, while the number of POS has a negative coefficient on bank net profit, but this coefficient is not statistically significant. In the third and last model, the digital banking transactions have a positive effect on the net profit of the bank. ATM and POS numbers have a negative effect on bank net profit, but these coefficients are not statistically significant. In conclusion, both internet and mobile banking transactions have a positive effect on bank profits in Turkey. Digital banking transaction, which is a combination of internet and mobile banking transactions, is also found to have a positive effect on bank profits. Additionally, it has been revealed that internet banking services contribute more to bank profits than both mobile and digital banking services.

The concept of a Capital Market Union exerts significant influence over debates within the European Union. Achieving a Capital Market Union is seen as a means of fostering deeper integration, promoting economic growth, and encouraging sustainable investments. This paper explores the status of the project regarding the Capital Market Union, focusing on key developments, challenges, and potential impacts on the financial system of the European Union. The evidence presented emphasize the role of the Capital Market Union in providing alternative financing channels, reducing fragmentation, and diversifying investment opportunities within the European Union. Although progress was made, the Capital Market Union faces a multitude of challenges that affect its efficiency and sustainability. These include regulatory barriers, divergent national practices, geopolitical uncertainties, and the impact of COVID-19 on market dynamics. Furthermore, the potential impact of a fully accomplished Capital Market Union is considered, including its effects on economic stability, risk management, and the global competitiveness of the European Union. The analysis also addresses implications for market participants, investors, regulatory authorities, and the broader socio-economic context within the European Union. Ultimately, the paper underscores the importance of the Capital Market Union as an accelerator for integration and financial resilience, while acknowledging the complexity and obstacles that require concerted efforts from political decision-makers, financial institutions, and market participants. Continued dialogue, proactive measures, and a shared vision are needed to navigate current crises and address issues related to the Capital Market Union, ultimately promoting a stronger and more interconnected European capital market.

Audit is an integrated element in the overall reporting process and contributes to the quality of reporting. As the quality is usually hard to define, the measurement of quality is also debatable. To assess the influence of audit as a factor of reporting quality, we have used bibliometric analysis as research method because it helps us look at the studied subjects from a broad perspective. The analysis was performed using RStudio, and the articles were downloaded from Web of Science database. The analysis covers 2.918 documents, published between 1985 and 2023. The number of studies significantly increased starting with 2007. Gul F. A. published 25 articles regarding the analysed matter, being also the most cited author. More than 200 articles were published in the journal Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, followed by the journal Accounting Review with more than 160 articles. A high number of articles are affiliated to University of Malaysia (88), but the most cited authors originate from United States of America and China. Earnings management, quality, performance, corporate governance, and ownership are the main keywords used. The aim of this study is to contribute to understanding the matter of audit quality as an element of reporting quality, and to be a guide in structuring the literature review for research in audit and reporting.

A comprehensive strategy that incorporates social responsibility, environmental stewardship, and economic viability is needed to achieve sustainability in the industrial sector, a sector that is responsible for almost a quarter of all carbon emissions worldwide. Nowadays, business strategy, risk management, and long-term value creation are deemed to be critically dependent on sustainability factors. The present paper targets to examine the relationship between ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) and CFP (Corporate Financial Performance) for 100 American-listed companies that operate in the Industrial sector from 2018 to 2022. The data used in this study is collected from Thomson Reuters and analyzed using STATA Software. The research reveals a strong association between CFP and ESG as a combined score. When an in-depth analysis is performed regarding the sustainability pillars with separate consideration, a positive relationship was shown between the social and environmental pillar and the financial performance, whereas a weaker link could be determined regarding the governance pillar. As such, American companies need to carefully review ESG investments to avoid bad financial outcomes and gain long-term performance.

The instability generated by legislative changes, price volatility, difficulties in obtaining and maintaining financial stability are realities that characterize the current economic situation, and the first indications of significant uncertainties regarding the continuity of an entity’s activity can be obtained from the financial statements and the audit report, consequently, it becomes essential to assume the responsibilities that administrators and financial auditors have in assessing the adequacy of the going concern principle. The objective of the research is the analysis of how the auditor, by belonging to the Big 4 or Non-Big 4 category, the audit opinion, the number of key audit aspects included in the audit report, confirms the positive or negative implications on the principle of business continuity. The research methodology involved qualitative analysis by manually extracting data from the audit reports issued for the period 2018-2022, for a sample that includes 45 companies „top traded” from Romania listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange (BSE). Following the analysis, it was found that the assumption of continuity of activity in the preparation of the individual annual financial statements, assumed by the management of the company, is adequate in 78% of the cases for the studied sample.

The nonlinear nature of financial data series and the intricate incorporation of data into market prices necessitate a comprehensive exploration of key research findings, prevailing trends, intense debates, and subfields in the market behavior realm. Studies exploring the way in which technical analysis can exploit the deviation from market efficiency in stock markets, based on new prediction techniques (machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence), are lacking. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric assessment of market behavior using the Scopus database from 1972 to 2022. A thorough assessment process, which included keywords, filters, and data cleaning, was employed to narrow down the literature from 30,551 to 8,289 relevant papers. The research framework delineates seven primary themes that underpin this study: market efficiency, behavioral finance, technical analysis, volatility, fractals, asset pricing, and price discovery. For practitioners, investors, and policymakers, our study presents evidence regarding emerging themes, such as technical analysis, adaptive market hypothesis, and machine learning, which diverges from the findings of the proponents of equilibrium models based on investors’ rationality. Moreover, an in-depth inquiry into the role of technical analysis in shaping portfolio investment presents a promising future research avenue.

This research paper proposes to analyze the impact of the digitization process on the socio-economic structures in Romania. Digitization is an essential factor in terms of controlling the gross domestic product indicator, of investments channelled through public policies, so that their economic efficiency is maximized, and of increasing consumption in the current economic context, taking into account the current geopolitical challenges. As it is known, the Covid 19 Pandemic had an important role in accelerating the digitization process in all fields. In this state, a number of companies with a high digitalization index have been identified, but in addition to the effects of digitalization, there are also recent events that have caused negative effects in the digitalization process, specifically in the banking field.
The main objective of the works proposes to highlight the fact that in countries where there is a qualified, healthy workforce and able to adapt to new technologies and the demands of the global market, the digitalization phenomenon contributes to the development of investments, of human capital, which is essential for economic growth and long-term stability. In order to achieve the main objective, that of identifying and highlighting the impact on the e-government development activity that has the effect of increasing the efficiency of the government administration, two stages were considered: one stage refers to the formation of clusters subject to further analysis and the algorithm k -means, and the second involves identifying the public impact that the digitization of services has on increasing the efficiency of governments.

Artificial Intelligence in the banking system is constantly developing, especially among young customers. Innovation of digital products has an important role in the use of banking services, but human resources specialists in the banking system also have such a role, due to their expertise, knowledge and involvement in explaining the benefits of using Artificial Intelligence and digital products in the banking financial system. In this article, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used to show the impact of internal variables (the role of human resources specialists in the banking system) and external variables (Artificial Intelligence and innovation of digital products), TAM-specific PU and PEU, on the intention to continue using Artificial Intelligence in the banking financial system. The results indicated that innovative digital products and the role of human resources in the use of Artificial Intelligence, PU and PEU have a positive and direct impact on the intention to use Artificial Intelligence in the financial system. All research hypotheses have been fulfilled, indicating that Artificial Intelligence has an important role in the Romanian banking financial system among young consumers. The paper contributes to the development of the banking financial system by using Artificial Intelligence, highlighting the importance of human resources, TAM and PLS-SEM specialists in this field.

Brexit, the Covid Pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine War represent the latest three major global events that have demonstrated that financial contagion is a phenomenon that needs careful study because its global effects can cause unprecedented shocks to regional and global financial markets. The main reason is related to the interconnectedness of these markets, the interdependence between countries, and the connections created over decades between national and international financial institutions. In this paper, we aim to analyze, using the Diebold-Yilmaz (DY) methodology proposed by Diebold and Yilmaz in 2014, the effects of financial contagion in the three major crises Brexit, Covid and the Russia-Ukraine war (first year). Financial contagion is primarily a fear-driven phenomenon. Financial network connectivity has the potential to change due to investors’ fear during events that are disturbing and cause exogenous turbulence. We use the network analysis established by Diebold and Yilmaz (2014) to study how SCDS (Credit Default Sovereign Markets) markets changed their interconnectedness around exogenous shocks in the last decade (Brexit, the Covid-19 pandemic, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine).

To reveal the inter-relationships between the strategic axes of the analyzed company, we used the Balanced Scorecard Analysis (BSC) and the Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique. The PLS technique identifies strategic areas (or axes) by grouping performance indicators that have the highest percentage of explaining the variance within the indicator group. We linked the strategic axes with the company’s performance sectors, while the PLS model illustrated the interaction between the company’s strategic lines as well as the interaction between the company’s performance indicators and their respective groups.
We started with principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the most important activity sectors for the company (for example, axis 1 = Profitability), to which we associated between 4 and 9 relevant performance indicators and selected those that were most correlated with their respective strategic sectors. We used the PLS technique for principal component analysis to show the correlations between the company’s strategic sectors. The intensity of the relationships within the company allowed us to predict potential strategic lines for improving managerial performance.
The BSC enabled us to explain the relationship between corporate governance variables and company performance. Within the causal relationships, we provided a logical explanation of how the analyzed business sectors are interconnected.